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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"> <strong class="selflink"><code>main()</code> 函数</strong></td></tr>
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<p>每个要在宿主环境运行的编码 C 程序都含有称作 <code><b>main</b></code> 的函数定义（非原型），它是函数的受指定起始点。
</p>
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<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <code><b>main</b></code> <code><b>(void)</b></code> <code><b>{</b></code> <span class="t-spar">body</span> <code><b>} </b></code>
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<td> (1)
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</td></tr>
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<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <code><b>main</b></code> <code><b>(</b></code><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <span class="t-spar">argc</span><code><b>,</b></code> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">char</span></span></span> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="sy2">*</span></span></span><span class="t-spar">argv</span><span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span><code><b>)</b></code> <code><b>{</b></code> <span class="t-spar">body</span> <code><b>} </b></code>
</td>
<td> (2)
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<td> <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="coMULTI">/* 其他实现定义签名 */</span></span></span> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span>
</td>
<td> (3)
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0">参数</span></h3>
<table class="t-par-begin">


<tr class="t-par">
<td>  argc
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  代表程序所运行的环境传递给程序的参数数量。
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  argv
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  指向 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">argc <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="nu0">1</span></span></span> 个指针的数组的首元素的指针。数组末元素为空指针，而若前面有元素，则它们指向表示从宿主环境传递给程序的参数的字符串。若 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">argv<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">]</span></span></span> 不是空指针（或等价地 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c">argc</span></span> &gt; 0 ），则它指向表示程序名的字符串。若程序名从宿主环境不可用则该字符串为空。
</td></tr></table>
<p>名称 <code>argc</code> 和 <code>argv</code> ，还有这些参数的类型表示是任意的： <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> ac, <span class="kw4">char</span><span class="sy2">**</span> av<span class="br0">)</span></span></span> 同样合法。
</p><p><code>main</code> 的常见实现定义形式是 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> argc, <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>argv<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span>, <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>envp<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ，其中第三参数类型为 <code>char*[]</code> ，指向<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/exec.html">指向宿主环境变量的指针的数组</a>。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.BF.94.E5.9B.9E.E5.80.BC">返回值</span></h3>
<p>若使用返回语句，则返回值会用作隐式调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../program/exit.html" title="c/program/exit">exit()</a></span> 的参数（细节见下）。值零和 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../program/EXIT_status.html" title="c/program/EXIT status">EXIT_SUCCESS</a></span> 指示成功终止，值 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../program/EXIT_status.html" title="c/program/EXIT status">EXIT_FAILURE</a></span> 指示不成功终止。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A">解释</span></h3>
<p>在程序启动时，初始化所有静态存储期对象后调用 <code>main</code> 函数。它指明执行于<i>宿主</i>环境（即在操作系统中）的程序入口点。任何<i>独立</i>程序（引导程序、操作系统核心等）的入口点的名称和类型是实现定义的。
</p><p>主函数的双参数形式允许从执行环境传递任意的多字节字符串（常称作<i>命令行参数</i>）。指针 <code>argv[1] .. argv[argc-1]</code> 指向每个这些字符串的首字符。 <code>argv[0]</code> 指向代表用于调用程序自身的名称的，空终止多字节字符串的首字符（或者若宿主环境不支持此做法，则保证 <code>argv[0][0]</code> 为零）。 
</p><p>若宿主环境不能一同提供大写和小写字母，则转换命令行参数为小写。
</p><p>字符串可修改，而且任何修改会留存到程序终止时，尽管这些修改不会传播回宿主环境：例如能以 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../string/byte/strtok.html" title="c/string/byte/strtok">strtok</a></span> 使用它们。
</p><p><code>argv</code> 所指的数组大小至少是 <code>argc+1</code> ，并保证末元素 <code>argv[argc]</code> 为空指针。
</p><p><code>main</code> 函数拥有几个特殊属性：
</p>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">1)</span> 程序不能提供此函数的原型</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">2)</span> 若主函数的返回类型与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> <a href="type.html#.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B" title="c/language/types">兼容</a>，则从对 <code>main</code> 的初次调用（但不是任何后继、递归调用）返回，等价于以主函数返回值为参数执行 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../program/exit.html" title="c/program/exit">exit</a></span> 函数（将调用 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../program/atexit.html" title="c/program/atexit">atexit</a></span> 所注册的函数，冲入并关闭所有流，删除 <span class="t-lc"><a href="../io/tmpfile.html" title="c/io/tmpfile">tmpfile</a></span> 所创建的文件，并返还控制给执行环境）。</div>
<div class="t-li1"><span class="t-li">3)</span> <table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-until-c99"><td>
<p>若 main 函数执行不指定值的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw1">return</span></span></span> ，或同样地未执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw1">return</span></span></span> 就抵达结尾的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">}</span></span></span> ，则返回给宿主环境的终止状态未定义。
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-until-c99">(C99 前)</span></td></tr>
<tr class="t-rev t-since-c99"><td>
<p>若 main 函数的返回类型与 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">int</span></span></span> 不<a href="type.html#.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B" title="c/language/types">兼容</a>（如 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw4">void</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span></span></span> ），则返回给宿主环境的值未指定。若返回类型与 int 兼容且控制抵达结尾的 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="br0">}</span></span></span> ，则返回给执行环境的值与如同执行 <span class="t-c"><span class="mw-geshi c source-c"><span class="kw1">return</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span></span></span> 的结果相同。
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td></tr>
</table></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><p>演示如何告知程序其寻找输入处及写结果处。
调用： ./a.out indatafile outdatafile</p><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
 
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> argc, <span class="kw4">char</span> <span class="sy2">*</span>argv<span class="br0">[</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"argc = %d<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, argc<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">for</span><span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">int</span> ndx <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span> ndx <span class="sy3">!</span><span class="sy1">=</span> argc<span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="sy2">++</span>ndx<span class="br0">)</span>
        <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"argv[%d] --&gt; %s<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, ndx,argv<span class="br0">[</span>ndx<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"argv[argc] = %p<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span>, <span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="sy2">*</span><span class="br0">)</span>argv<span class="br0">[</span>argc<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>可能的输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">argc = 3
argv[0] --&gt; ./a.out
argv[1] --&gt; indatafile
argv[2] --&gt; outdatafile
argv[argc] = (nil)</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 5.1.2.2.1 Program startup (p: 13)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 5.1.2.2.1 Program startup (p: 12)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 5.1.2.2 Hosted environment 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>
</div>

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